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you

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you

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you

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how do we go from from the Big Bang

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how do we go from from the Big Bang
 

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how do we go from from the Big Bang
that's really when you think about it

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that's really when you think about it
 

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that's really when you think about it
very strange situation the universe

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very strange situation the universe
 

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very strange situation the universe
being very hot and dense and expanding

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being very hot and dense and expanding
 

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being very hot and dense and expanding
and filling and turning out full of

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and filling and turning out full of
 

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and filling and turning out full of
galaxies and planets and stars and

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galaxies and planets and stars and
 

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galaxies and planets and stars and
eventually life you know how do we get

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eventually life you know how do we get
 

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eventually life you know how do we get
there how did that happen well something

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there how did that happen well something
 

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there how did that happen well something
crazy went along to make it happen

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crazy went along to make it happen
 

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crazy went along to make it happen
because our simple models aren't working

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because our simple models aren't working
 

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because our simple models aren't working
right now we're missing a step it's like

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right now we're missing a step it's like
 

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right now we're missing a step it's like
a missing link and we give to find the

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a missing link and we give to find the
 

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a missing link and we give to find the
the fossils back there in the early

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the fossils back there in the early
 

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the fossils back there in the early
erase the missing link that will get us

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erase the missing link that will get us
 

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erase the missing link that will get us
from the uniform universe to the

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from the uniform universe to the
 

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from the uniform universe to the
structured universe we have today

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you

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you

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one of the really unique things about

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one of the really unique things about
 

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one of the really unique things about
Kobe is that it's a scientific

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Kobe is that it's a scientific
 

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Kobe is that it's a scientific
experiment from the very beginning it's

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experiment from the very beginning it's
 

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experiment from the very beginning it's
like taking the instruments in your

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like taking the instruments in your
 

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like taking the instruments in your
laboratory or instruments that we flew

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laboratory or instruments that we flew
 

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laboratory or instruments that we flew
on balloons or in rockets years ago and

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on balloons or in rockets years ago and
 

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on balloons or in rockets years ago and
putting those into a satellite package

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putting those into a satellite package
 

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putting those into a satellite package
and essentially moving your laboratory

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and essentially moving your laboratory
 

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and essentially moving your laboratory
in the space Kobe is attacking a problem

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in the space Kobe is attacking a problem
 

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in the space Kobe is attacking a problem
for which it is very hard to get any

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for which it is very hard to get any
 

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for which it is very hard to get any
good observations in fact it's

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good observations in fact it's
 

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good observations in fact it's
dreadfully hard to get good

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dreadfully hard to get good
 

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dreadfully hard to get good
observational cause of cosmological data

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observational cause of cosmological data
 

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observational cause of cosmological data
and if Kobe is specially designed so

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and if Kobe is specially designed so
 

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and if Kobe is specially designed so
that all the things that might screw up

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that all the things that might screw up
 

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that all the things that might screw up
the data or perturb it are you know

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the data or perturb it are you know
 

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the data or perturb it are you know
let's put in an orbit which is shielded

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let's put in an orbit which is shielded
 

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let's put in an orbit which is shielded
from the Sun very carefully it's kept

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from the Sun very carefully it's kept
 

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from the Sun very carefully it's kept
cold and a lot of things have been done

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cold and a lot of things have been done
 

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cold and a lot of things have been done
so that you don't have to correct so

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so that you don't have to correct so
 

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so that you don't have to correct so
much and you can trust the data better

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much and you can trust the data better
 

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much and you can trust the data better
so the public the cosmological

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so the public the cosmological
 

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so the public the cosmological
information that comes from this we hope

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information that comes from this we hope
 

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information that comes from this we hope
will be definitive and will not you will

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will be definitive and will not you will
 

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will be definitive and will not you will
be very hard to argue with

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when we look at the cosmic background

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when we look at the cosmic background
 

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when we look at the cosmic background
radiation we're actually looking at the

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radiation we're actually looking at the
 

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radiation we're actually looking at the
dominant form of energy in the whole

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dominant form of energy in the whole
 

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dominant form of energy in the whole
universe this radiation fills the whole

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universe this radiation fills the whole
 

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universe this radiation fills the whole
sky comes from every direction and so it

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sky comes from every direction and so it
 

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sky comes from every direction and so it
adds up to be a hundred times as much

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adds up to be a hundred times as much
 

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adds up to be a hundred times as much
energy as comes from all the stars all

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energy as comes from all the stars all
 

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energy as comes from all the stars all
the galaxies all the sun's all the

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the galaxies all the sun's all the
 

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the galaxies all the sun's all the
planets that people can see with their

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planets that people can see with their
 

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planets that people can see with their
own eyes a hundred times as much as that

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own eyes a hundred times as much as that
 

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own eyes a hundred times as much as that
so it's very important to realize we're

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so it's very important to realize we're
 

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so it's very important to realize we're
looking at the dominant energy of the

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looking at the dominant energy of the
 

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looking at the dominant energy of the
whole universe this is the remnant of

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whole universe this is the remnant of
 

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whole universe this is the remnant of
the Big Bang itself that we're studying

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the Big Bang itself that we're studying
 

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the Big Bang itself that we're studying
with the cobe satellite

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coby gives us the opportunity to go look

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coby gives us the opportunity to go look
 

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coby gives us the opportunity to go look
in detail at some of the major

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in detail at some of the major
 

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in detail at some of the major
predictions of the big bang theory and

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predictions of the big bang theory and
 

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predictions of the big bang theory and
the hope is that those details will

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the hope is that those details will
 

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the hope is that those details will
either verify or collapse that whole

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either verify or collapse that whole
 

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either verify or collapse that whole
theory

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you

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if we are successful in subtracting out

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if we are successful in subtracting out
 

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if we are successful in subtracting out
the foreground radiations and definitely

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the foreground radiations and definitely
 

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the foreground radiations and definitely
identifying a residual cosmic glow which

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identifying a residual cosmic glow which
 

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identifying a residual cosmic glow which
can be interpreted as the cumulative

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can be interpreted as the cumulative
 

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can be interpreted as the cumulative
emission of first generations of stars

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emission of first generations of stars
 

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emission of first generations of stars
and galaxies this is in and of itself a

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and galaxies this is in and of itself a
 

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and galaxies this is in and of itself a
most exciting discovery this gives us

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most exciting discovery this gives us
 

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most exciting discovery this gives us
direct evidence of an epoch in cosmic

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direct evidence of an epoch in cosmic
 

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direct evidence of an epoch in cosmic
history that has not directly been

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history that has not directly been
 

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history that has not directly been
observed before

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what the Kobe will tell us at the end of

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what the Kobe will tell us at the end of
 

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what the Kobe will tell us at the end of
the mission and after our

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the mission and after our
 

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the mission and after our
interpretations are done is how we got

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interpretations are done is how we got
 

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interpretations are done is how we got
here how the galaxies were formed from

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here how the galaxies were formed from
 

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here how the galaxies were formed from
whatever was there before the Kobe

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whatever was there before the Kobe
 

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whatever was there before the Kobe
mission is worth every ounce of effort

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mission is worth every ounce of effort
 

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mission is worth every ounce of effort
we've put into it cosmology as you can

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we've put into it cosmology as you can
 

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we've put into it cosmology as you can
understand is a very difficult problem

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understand is a very difficult problem
 

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understand is a very difficult problem
to study objectively we are given very

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to study objectively we are given very
 

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to study objectively we are given very
few fossils on the beach if you will

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few fossils on the beach if you will
 

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few fossils on the beach if you will
those few that are present and

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those few that are present and
 

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those few that are present and
accessible still to us at this time 15

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accessible still to us at this time 15
 

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accessible still to us at this time 15
billion years or so after the primeval

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billion years or so after the primeval
 

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billion years or so after the primeval
chaos are worth every bit of scrutiny we

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chaos are worth every bit of scrutiny we
 

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chaos are worth every bit of scrutiny we
can give to them